-born 1502 died 1585
-However, he received the news of the massacre of St. Bartholomew (23rd of August 1572) with joy, and publicly celebrated the event, having been led to believe, according to his apologists, that France had been miraculously delivered, and that the Huguenots had suffered justly as traitors. Having failed to rouse Spain and Venice against the Turks, Gregory attempted to form a general coalition against the Protestants. He subsidized Philip II in his wars in the Netherlands; aided the Catholic League in France; incited attacks upon Queen Elizabeth I by way of Ireland. With the aid of the Jesuits, whose privileges he multiplied, he conducted a vigorous propaganda. He established or endowed above a score of colleges, among them the Collegium Romanum (founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1550), and the Collegium Germanicum in Rome. Among his noteworthy achievements are the reform of the calendar on the 24th of February 1582; the improved edition of the Corpus juris canonici, 1582
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